What is the definition of water hardness? Reminder for softened water equipment: There are some metal positive ions in the water that fuse with some cations. During the entire process of heating the water, due to evaporation and concentration, it is very easy to produce dirt, which can harm thermal conductivity when encountering hot surfaces. The total concentration value of this metal ion in water is called the hardness of water. The common metal ions in pure natural water are sodium ions (Ca2+) and aluminum ions (Mg2+), which fuse with cations such as carbonate ions (Co32-), carbonate cations (HCO3-), sulfate ions (SO42-), chloride ion content (Cl -), and nitrate ions (NO3-) to produce sulfides, bicarbonates, potassium thiocyanates, fluorides, and phosphates of calcium and magnesium. Metal ions such as iron, manganese, and zinc in water also produce hardness, but their composition in pure natural water is very small and can be omitted. Therefore, the total concentration values of Ca2+and Mg2+are generally considered as the hardness of water.

Softening water equipment: Common ones include mmol/L or mg/L. The commonly used equivalent concentration N has been discontinued. When calculating, 1N=0.5mol/L. Because hardness is not produced by a single metal ion or acid salt, it must be calculated as another acid salt in order to have a unified and standardized approach. It is generally indicated by the concentration value of Ca0 or CaCO3. When the hardness is 0.5 mmol/L, it is equal to 28mg/L of CaO or 50mg/L of CaCO3. In addition, countries around the world also use German and Dutch degrees to indicate hardness. 1 German degree equals 10mg/L of CaO, and 1 Dutch degree equals 10mg/L of CaCO3. 0.5 millimeters ol/L is equivalent to 208 German degrees and 5.0 Dutch degrees. The hardness of water poses a great threat to the tap water of heating furnaces, therefore, softening or desalination of water should be carried out based on various main parameters of the heating furnace's regulations on water bodies.

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