In industrial water, it can be classified according to its purity according to different requirements for water.

Softening water generally refers to water that reduces or removes the content of Ca2+and Mg+ions to a certain extent. During the softening process, the hardness of water decreases, and softened water is generally used for low-pressure industrial boilers. The softening methods are usually ion exchange method and chemical softening method.

2. Desalination water (including primary and secondary desalination) generally refers to the use of physical, chemical, and other methods to remove water

A strong electrolyte that is easy to remove removes water to a certain extent, and also removes some mechanical impurities and organic substances during the desalination process. The remaining salt content in desalinated water should generally be below 1-5mg/1. The conductivity at 25 ℃ is

1-10gS/cm. The commonly used desalination methods include distillation, membrane separation, ion exchange, or a combination of several methods.

3 Pure water, also known as deionized water. It generally refers to the use of physical and chemical methods to remove easily removable substances from water

In addition to removing strong electrolytes, it also removes weak electrolytes such as silica and carbon dioxide that are difficult to remove from water to a certain extent. At 25 ℃, the conductivity of pure water is generally 0.1-1pS/cm, and the remaining salt content should generally be below 1mg/1. The commonly used methods for preparing pure water include ion exchange, sterilization, membrane separation, and so on.

4. High purity water, also known as "ultrapure water". It generally refers to the removal of almost all conductive media in water, and the removal of non dissociative colloidal substances, gases, and organic matter to a very low degree in water. The residual salt content in high-purity water should be below 0.1mg/1, and the conductivity at 25 ℃ should be 0.1 μ Below S/cm.

Theoretical water, also known as ideal water, is water without any impurities, and such water does not exist.

With the continuous development of technology in recent years, various industries have also raised their requirements for the quality of pure water. The previous practice of using electrical resistivity as the only measure of water quality purity can no longer meet the requirements. People have gradually established quantitative indicators and limitations on the anion content, cation content, particle number, organic matter, and bacteria in water. In the mid-1970s, the determination of five indicators, namely particles, bacteria, silica, sodium, and total organic carbon, ensured the quality of integrated circuit processing water. In the 1980s, due to the further improvement of integration, the requirements for pure water quality, especially for particles and bacteria, were stricter. On this basis, the limit index for dissolved oxygen was also added.

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