Factors affecting the exchange capacity of water softeners:

1. Temperature

Soft water treatment equipment specialty store, temperature increase can accelerate internal spread and improve exchange capacity at the same time. Whether it is operation or regeneration, moderately increasing temperature is beneficial for softening water equipment.

2. Water flow rate (gpm/ft, m/h)

The larger the water flow rate, the larger the intermediate layer required for cation exchange, and the lower the reasonable utilization rate of resin. However, the water production capacity of machinery and equipment will be improved. On the contrary, the smaller the water flow rate, the lower the middle layer required for work, and the higher the resin utilization rate, but the lower the water production capacity of the machinery and equipment. A too small water flow rate will result in the source water only exchanging positive ions with the surface of the resin, and water cannot enter the interior of the resin. The resin surface generally only provides 20% exchange capacity. The resin can provide 80% exchange capacity inside. Effective exchange of water flow is crucial for improving the water production and exchange capacity of machinery and equipment. It is generally proposed to operate water flow control in small and medium-sized equipment (20-30m/h in China, 4-10pm/ft2 in the UK), which can be moderately increased.

3. Permeable water salinity

The amount of salinity in seepage water immediately endangers the quality of the effluent, and the total components of K and Na in seepage water salinity have a significant impact on the quality of the effluent.

Example: When the salinity of the source water is 500PPM, in which Na+K is zero and the strength is 10mol/m3, if we use 151b/ft3 (240g/L) for regeneration, the effluent quality can reach almost 0.00.

When the salinity of the source water is 500PPM and Na+K is 250PPM, the strength is 5mol/L, which is close to 0.04mmol/L (exceeding the water seepage regulations of bottom pressure gas steam boilers in China). If the water output needs to be below 0.03mmol/L, it must be applied (181b/ft3290g/L).

4. The aspect ratio of the resin layer

The lower the resin layer, the greater the harm of water flow to its exchange capacity. When the aspect ratio of the resin layer reaches 30 feet (762 millimeters), the harm of water flow caused by the aspect ratio of the resin layer to its exchange capacity can be reduced to a lower level. Therefore, it is generally recommended to have a resin layer with a height to width ratio exceeding 30 feet (762 millimeters), and to have a specialty store for soft water treatment equipment.

5. Resin

The exchange capacity provided by different resins varies. The resin used for softening water equipment in general heating furnaces shall have a chemical crosslinking degree not less than 7.

6. Contact time between water and resin: (gpm/ft3)

The longer the contact time between water and resin, the more sufficient the exchange, but the water production capacity of relative enterprise resin decreases. The less the contact time, the more sufficient the exchange, and the exchange capacity of enterprise resin decreases, while the water production capacity of enterprise resin increases. Therefore, effective roughening time is crucial for the economic situation of the softener. It is generally proposed to use 1.0-5.0gpm/ft3 resin or 8-4bv/h. The total flow rate per hour is eight to forty times the resin cargo capacity.

7. Regenerant quality (NaCl)

The higher the storage value of the regenerant, the higher the regeneration value of the resin, and the lower the positive ion leakage in the effluent. Therefore, improving the purity of the regenerant and applying softer water-soluble salts can enhance the regeneration degree.

8. Total flow rate of regeneration liquid

Soft water treatment equipment specialty stores generally have better actual regeneration results when the total flow rate of regeneration liquid is smaller. However, a too low total flow rate of regeneration solution will result in a long regeneration time, which can easily cause the regeneration agent to bypass the surface of the resin for regeneration. Therefore, it is generally stipulated that the total flow rate of the regeneration liquid is between 0.25 and 0.9 gpm/ft3 (or a total flow rate of 4-6 m/h for forward washing and 2-3 M/h for reverse flow regeneration).

9. Regenerative liquid concentration value

According to the basic principle of positive ion equilibrium, increasing the concentration value of the regeneration solution can enhance the exchange capacity of the resin. However, under a certain standard of regenerant usage, if the concentration value of the regeneration solution is too high, it will reduce the contact time between the regeneration solution and the resin, thereby reducing the actual effect of regeneration. Generally, it is advisable to control the salt solution concentration value around 10%.

10. Regenerant usage

The exchange of resin in regeneration theory is carried out at an equal dosage, that is, 1 mol of regenerant can repair a 1 mol exchange capacity (i.e. using 58.43% NaCl). However, in fact, the consumption of regenerant is much higher than the standard deviation. Experiments have shown that the more regenerant is used, the larger the exchange capacity of the resin during operation. The better the quality of the effluent. But with the continuous increase in the use of rejuvenators, the increase in exchange capacity during work will become increasingly low. The rationality will continue to decrease. Therefore, the regeneration of salt consumption should be based on different source water bodies, ensuring a certain exchange capacity and water standards, and using more economically effective salt consumption as much as possible. In the softening water equipment of the General Electric bottom pressure heating furnace, 240g/l salt is used to regenerate one liter of resin.

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