Since the introduction of reverse osmosis membrane desalination technology in the 1970s, China has a history of more than 30 years. With the continuous improvement of the performance of reverse osmosis membrane components, single-stage reverse osmosis equipment has been mainly used in fields such as electricity, petroleum, mining, food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and seawater desalination.

The single-stage reverse osmosis device adopts membrane separation water treatment technology, which is essentially a reverse osmosis process of permeation phenomenon (water molecules overcome osmotic pressure through the membrane through external forces). The reverse osmosis water treatment process belongs to the physical desalination process, and compared with traditional water treatment methods, it has many advantages:

1. The single-stage reverse osmosis device adopts physical methods, without phase change, to desalination and purify saline water at room temperature. Currently, the desalination rate of a single ultra-thin composite membrane element is relatively high, and it can simultaneously remove colloids, organic matter, etc. from water.

2. The treatment of water only relies on the pressure of water as the driving force, and its energy consumption is relatively low among many treatment methods.

3. No need for a large amount of chemical agents and acid/alkali regeneration treatment, no discharge of chemical waste liquids such as waste acid and alkali, and no environmental pollution.

4. The reverse osmosis device can continuously operate to produce water, with a simple system, convenient operation, and stable product water quality.

5. The workload of operation and equipment maintenance is minimal.

6. The equipment occupies a small area and requires less space.

7. The raw water quality requirements for adaptation are not high, and it is suitable for the treatment of brackish water, seawater, and even sewage, as well as for the treatment of low salinity freshwater.

Single stage reverse osmosis device refers to the flow phenomenon of solvent (water molecules) in a dilute solution spontaneously entering the solvent (water molecules) on the concentrated solution (concentrated water) side through a semi permeable membrane (reverse osmosis membrane or nanofiltration membrane).

Osmotic pressure: refers to the continuous increase in liquid level on one side of a concentrated solution during natural permeation, and the corresponding decrease in liquid level on the other side of a dilute solution, until the water column pressure formed on both sides counteracts the migration of solvent molecules. The liquid level on both sides of the solution remains unchanged, and the permeation process reaches the equilibrium point. At this point, the height difference of the liquid column is called the osmotic pressure of the concentrated solution.

Reverse osmosis principle: Apply working pressure on the inlet flow rate (concentrated solution) side to overcome natural osmotic pressure. When an operating pressure higher than natural osmotic pressure is applied on the concentrated solution side, the natural flow direction of water molecules will reverse, and the water molecules in the inlet (concentrated solution) will become pure water on the dilute solution side through the membrane.

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