The key function of coagulation is to remove floating particles and colloidal particles in water. It is generally believed that the entire coagulation process involves the hydrolysis of substances by coagulants to electrochemically combine and destabilize the colloids in water, resulting in the production of fine particles, which then coagulate into large and dense alum flowers. Based on the adsorption effect of railway bridges or nets, the destabilized colloids are transformed into flocs with a large particle size distribution, and then separated and removed according to sedimentation and filtration. However, organic matter with low content and high solubility in water (mainly humic acids such as fulvic acid) has a low sludge load under general coagulation standards. The key reason is that it has excellent water absorption and is not easily adsorbed by the hydrolytic material of coagulants - nickel hydroxide. Organic matter not only enhances the positive charge of the colloidal surface, but also leads to steric hindrance in indoor space. However, if the coagulation solution standard is improved, that is, under the strengthened coagulation standard of low pH value and high coagulant usage, a lot of metal material nickel hydroxide is produced. The shape of the hydrolysate of the coagulant is improved and its positive relative density is increased. In addition, the low pH standard will harm the dissociation degree of organic matter and change the shape of organic matter, increase the level of organic matter ionization, reduce the electron density, thereby reducing its solubility and water absorption, and become a shape that is easily adsorbed.

1. Ensure responsiveness; Improve the particle size distribution and adsorption specificity of flocculation, and enhance the compressive strength of flocculation; Improve the actual effect of concentration, filtration, and separation; Accelerate the rate of flocculation generation, sedimentation, and filtration, and increase the load rate of machinery and equipment; Improve the expansion of sludge and reduce the volume of sediment; Save medical expenses; Expand the application scope of pH value in coagulation.

2. The amount of coagulant depends on the colloid concentration value, total positive charge, and coagulation pH value. If the mud volume is insufficient and the floc is too small, it is easy to penetrate the filter layer, reduce the filtration cycle time, and harm the filtered water body; If the mud content is too high, on the one hand, it can cause colloidal instability, and on the other hand, it can cause the generated flocs to be too large, making it difficult to fully utilize the deep filtration effect of the material layer in the surface layer of the filter layer. This can increase the friction resistance of the filter bed too quickly and reduce the filtration cycle time.

3. Different hydrolytic substances in coagulants result in different actual coagulation effects. When the pH value is low, aluminum and iron salts hydrolyze to produce complex ions with high positive charge and low glass transition temperature, which are dominated by the destabilization effect in the electric field. With the increase of pH value, low positive charge and high glass transition temperature complex ions are generated, mainly dominated by the absorption of railway bridges and the deposition and sweeping effects. The pH value has an impact on the removal of organic matter from the source water. When the pH value is low, the humic acid in the water is a negatively charged humic acid colloid, which is easy to remove; When the pH value is high, it is converted into humic acid salts, resulting in a low sludge load. In addition, the pH value in water is a key factor in removing saturation hazards. Generally, when the pH value is between 3.4 and 5.0, it is convenient for color removal; The pH value is around 6-8, making it easy to remove turbidity. The addition of coagulants to water with low acidity and alkalinity significantly reduces the pH value of the source water after drug administration, which is not conducive to coagulation.

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