Factors affecting the exchange volume of softeners in soft water treatment equipment

1. Temperature

Temperature increase can accelerate internal spread and enhance exchange capacity at the same time. Whether it is operation or regeneration, moderately increasing temperature is beneficial for softening water equipment.

2. Regenerant quality (NaCl)

The higher the storage value of the regenerant, the higher the regeneration value of the resin, and the lower the positive ion leakage in the effluent. Therefore, improving the purity of the regenerant and applying softer water-soluble salts can enhance the regeneration degree.

3. Total flow rate of regeneration liquid

The smaller the total flow rate of the regeneration solution, the better the actual regeneration effect. However, a too low total flow rate of regeneration solution will result in a long regeneration time, which can easily cause the regeneration agent to bypass the surface of the resin for regeneration. Therefore, it is generally stipulated that the total flow rate of the regeneration liquid is between 0.25 and 0.9 gpm/ft3 (or a total flow rate of 4-6 m/h for forward washing and 2-3 M/h for reverse flow regeneration)

4. Regenerative liquid concentration value

According to the basic principle of positive ion equilibrium, increasing the concentration value of the regeneration solution can enhance the exchange capacity of the resin. However, under a certain standard of regenerant usage, if the concentration value of the regeneration solution is too high, it will reduce the contact time between the regeneration solution and the resin, thereby reducing the actual effect of regeneration. Generally, it is advisable to control the salt solution concentration value around 10%

5. Water flow rate (gpm/ft, m/h)

The larger the water flow rate, the larger the intermediate layer required for cation exchange, and the lower the reasonable utilization rate of resin. However, the water production capacity of machinery and equipment will be improved. On the contrary, the smaller the water flow rate, the lower the middle layer required for work, and the higher the resin utilization rate, but the lower the water production capacity of the machinery and equipment. A too small water flow rate will result in the source water only exchanging positive ions with the surface of the resin, and water cannot enter the interior of the resin. The resin surface generally only provides 20% exchange volume. The resin can provide 80% exchange capacity inside. Effective exchange of water flow is crucial for improving the water production and exchange capacity of machinery and equipment. It is generally proposed to operate water flow control in small and medium-sized equipment (20-30m/h in China, 4-10pm/ft2 in the UK), which can be moderately increased.

6. Contact time between water and resin: (gpm/ft3)

The longer the contact time between water and resin, the more sufficient the exchange, but the water production capacity of relative enterprise resin decreases. The less the contact time, the more sufficient the exchange, and the exchange capacity of enterprise resin decreases, while the water production capacity of enterprise resin increases. Therefore, effective roughening time is crucial for the economic situation of the softener. It is generally proposed to use 1.0-5.0gpm/ft3 resin or 8-4bv/h. (The total flow rate per hour is eight to forty times the resin cargo capacity)

7. The height of the resin layer

The lower the resin layer, the greater the harm of water flow to its exchange capacity. When the height of the resin layer reaches 30 feet (762 millimeters), the harm of water flow caused by the height of the resin layer to its exchange capacity can be reduced to a lower level. Therefore, it is generally recommended that the height of the resin layer exceed 30 feet (762 millimeters)

8. Permeable water salinity

The amount of salinity in seepage water immediately endangers the quality of the effluent, and the total components of K and Na in seepage water salinity have a significant impact on the quality of the effluent.

Example: When the salinity of the source water is 500PPM, in which Na+K is zero and the strength is 10mol/m3, if we use 151b/ft3 (240g/L) for regeneration, the effluent quality can reach almost 0.00.

When the salinity of the source water is 500PPM and Na+K is 250PPM, the strength is 5mol/L, which is close to 0.04mmol/L (exceeding the water seepage regulations of bottom pressure gas steam boilers in China). If the water output needs to be below 0.03mmol/L, it must be applied (181b/ft3290g/L)

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