The floating substances in water are particles with a diameter of approximately 10-4mm or more. The human eye can see from this. These particles are mainly composed of fine sand, clay, coelenterates, algae, bacteria, viral infections, and organic compounds of polymer materials, which often float in flowing water, causing water turbidity. This type of particle is very unstable and can be removed based on sedimentation and filtration. When water is still, heavy arts and sciences (mainly inorganic substances such as gravel and clay) will settle down. Light particles (mainly organic matter from animals, plants, and remains) will float on the river surface and can be removed by filtration and other separation methods. Suspended solids are the key source of turbidity, saturation, and taste. Their composition in water is unstable and usually changes with different seasons and regions.

The colloidal substances in water are particles with a diameter of only 10-4 to 10-6 millimeters in the middle. Colloids are a combination of many molecular structures and positive ions. The inorganic mineral colloids in pure natural water are mainly chemical substances of iron, aluminum, and silicon. The organic chemical colloidal substances in water are mainly humus formed by the decomposition and dissolution of the bodies of green plants or small animals. Among them, the humic substances in the lake water are abundant, which often makes the water appear light green or dark brown.

Due to the small particle size and light weight of colloidal substances, the surface area of the enterprise has a very large volume, so it has a great adsorption capacity and often attracts too many positive ions to be electrified. Colloids, similar to those containing masculine positive charges, resist each other and cannot adhere to each other in water, resulting in a stable state. Therefore, colloidal particles cannot be removed by self settlement of the foundation through force. Generally, adding drugs to water can destroy its stability, causing the colloidal particles to expand and the foundation settlement to be removed.

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